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**jwls** · 11-06-2018, 08:59 AM

I swear I've been thinking yesterday of asking for a collection of these in the forums, since they are kinda hard to re-find on FB. Thank you Austin!

**Austin Baraki** · 11-11-2018, 09:07 PM

Weekend reading, Episode 4:

1. Load management in sport:

Journal

https://www.premax.co/au/blog/load-management-in-sport

Athlete Engineered Skincare.

2. Conservatively treated massive prolapsed discs: a 7-year follow-up

Page not available - PMC

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025225/

3. Why Doctors Hate Their Computers

Why Doctors Hate Their Computers

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/11/12/why-doctors-hate-their-computers

Digitization promises to make medical care easier and more efficient. But are screens coming between doctors and patients?

4. The cardinal exercise stopper: Muscle fatigue, muscle pain or perception of effort?

http://sci-hub.tw/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612318301183

**Austin Baraki** · 11-17-2018, 10:15 PM

#5

1. Evaluation of implicit associations between back posture and safety of bending and lifting in people without pain

http://sci-hub.tw/https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/sjpain.2018.18.issue-4/sjpain-2018-0056/sjpain-2018-0056.xml

2. How Well Do You Expect to Recover, and What Does Recovery Mean, Anyway? Qualitative Study of Expectations After a Musculoskeletal Injury

https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article/96/6/797/2686370

3. The Strange Brands in Your Instagram Feed

The Strange Brands in Your Instagram Feed

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/01/the-strange-brands-in-your-instagram-feed/550136/

A new breed of online retailer doesn’t make or even touch products, but they’ve got a few other tricks for turning nothing into money.

4. What happens to patients when we do not repair their cuff tears? Five-year rotator cuff quality-of-life index outcomes following nonoperative treatment of patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears

http://sci-hub.tw/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29433644

**Austin Baraki** · 12-08-2018, 05:21 PM

#6

Weekend readings are back!

1. This scientist is racing to discover how gender transitions alter athletic performance—including her own.

Science | AAAS

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/07/scientist-racing-discover-how-gender-transitions-alter-athletic-performance-including

2. No pain, no social gains: A social-signaling perspective of human pain behaviors

No pain, no social gains: A social-signaling perspective of human pain behaviors

https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-6182/full/v3/i1/18.htm

No pain, no social gains: A social-signaling perspective of human pain behaviors

3. BJSM “High Performance to Clinical Practice” Issue

British Journal of Sports Medicine: 52 (24)

https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/24?current-issue=y

4. Physiotherapists implicitly evaluate bending and lifting with a round back as dangerous

http://sci-hub.tw/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468781218304958

5. Changes in Kidney Function Do Not Differ between Healthy Adults Consuming Higher- Compared with Lower- or Normal-Protein Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/148/11/1760/5153345#.W-2BTnkOmtY.twitter

**Austin Baraki** · 12-23-2018, 05:03 PM

Weekend Reading, Christmas Edition

1. "Do Non-Responders to Exercise Exist—and If So, What Should We Do About Them?"
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-018-01041-1

2. "The Current State of Subjective Training Load Monitoring—a Practical Perspective and Call to Action"
https://sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com/…/s40798-018-0…

3. "If You Say Something Is “Likely,” How Likely Do People Think It Is?”
https://hbr.org/…/if-you-say-something-is-likely-how-likely…

4. "Am I ‘Old’?"
https://www.nytimes.com/…/age-aging-old-young-psychology.ht…

5. "Something Strange in Usain Bolt’s Stride"
https://www.nytimes.com/…/olym…/usain-bolt-stride-speed.html

**Austin Baraki** · 12-28-2018, 05:02 PM

Weekend Reading (& Listening!), New Year edition:

1. PODCAST: "Applying the Acute Chronic Workload Ratio to Powerlifting ft. Dr. Tim Gabbett"

Episode 57: Applying the Acute Chronic Workload Ratio to Powerlifting ft. Dr. Tim Gabbett

https://bostonsstrongcast.wordpress.com/2018/12/27/ep57/

This week, Kevin brings a special guest on the show all the way from Australia! Dr. Tim Gabbett has over 20 years experience working as an applied sport scientist with athletes and coaches from a w…

2. "How does exercise treatment compare with antihypertensive medications?"

How does exercise treatment compare with antihypertensive medications? A network meta-analysis of 391 randomised controlled trials assessing exercise and medication effects on systolic blood pressure

https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2018/12/05/bjsports-2018-099921

Objective To compare the effect of exercise regimens and medications on systolic blood pressure (SBP). Data sources Medline (via PubMed) and the Cochrane Library. Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), angiotensin-2 receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and diuretics were identified from existing Cochrane reviews. A previously published meta-analysis of exercise interventions was updated to identify recent RCTs that tested the SBP-lowering effects of endurance, dynamic resistance, isometric resistance, and combined endurance and resistance exercise interventions (up to September 2018). Design Random-effects network meta-analysis. Outcome Difference in mean change from baseline SBP between comparator treatments (change from baseline in one group minus that in the other group) and its 95% credible interval (95% CrI), measured in mmHg. Results We included a total of 391 RCTs, 197 of which evaluated exercise interventions (10 461 participants) and 194 evaluated antihypertensive medications (29 281 participants). No RCTs compared directly exercise against medications. While all medication trials included hypertensive populations, only 56 exercise trials included hypertensive participants (≥140 mmHg), corresponding to 3508 individuals. In a 10% random sample, risk of bias was higher in exercise RCTs, primarily due to lack of blinding and incomplete outcome data. In analyses that combined all populations, antihypertensive medications achieved higher reductions in baseline SBP compared with exercise interventions (mean difference −3.96 mmHg, 95% CrI −5.02 to −2.91). Compared with control, all types of exercise (including combination of endurance and resistance) and all classes of antihypertensive medications were effective in lowering baseline SBP. Among hypertensive populations, there were no detectable differences in the SBP-lowering effects of ACE-I, ARB, β-blocker and diuretic medications when compared with endurance or dynamic resistance exercise. There was no detectable inconsistency between direct and indirect comparisons. Although there was evidence of small-study effects, this affected both medication and exercise trials. Conclusions The effect of exercise interventions on SBP remains under-studied, especially among hypertensive populations. Our findings confirm modest but consistent reductions in SBP in many studied exercise interventions across all populations but individuals receiving medications generally achieved greater reductions than those following structured exercise regimens. Assuming equally reliable estimates, the SBP-lowering effect of exercise among hypertensive populations appears similar to that of commonly used antihypertensive medications. Generalisability of these findings to real-world clinical settings should be further evaluated.

3. "What it means to be OK"

What It Means to Be OK

https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2019/01/daniela-lamas

Daniela Lamas and the practice of post-ICU care

4. "Associations of Body Mass and Fat Indexes With Cardiometabolic Traits"

Just a moment...

http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/72/24/3142

5. "Comparison of RPE Scales for Session RPE”

Comparison of RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) Scales for Session RPE

https://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/abs/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0637

Purpose: The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is a well-accepted method of monitoring training load in athletes in many different sports. It is based on the category-ratio (0–10) RPE scale (BORG-CR10) developed by Borg. There is no evidence how substitution of the Borg 6–20 RPE scale (BORG-RPE) might influence the sRPE in athletes. Methods: Systematically training, recreational-level athletes from a number of sport disciplines performed 6 randomly ordered, 30-min interval-training sessions, at intensities based on peak power output (PPO) and designed to be easy (50% PPO), moderate (75% PPO), or hard (85% PPO). Ratings of sRPE were obtained 30 min postexercise using either the BORG-CR10 or BORG-RPE and compared for matched exercise conditions. Results: The average percentage of heart-rate reserve was well correlated with sRPE from both BORG-CR10 (r = .76) and BORG-RPE (r = .69). The sRPE ratings from BORG-CR10 and BORG-RPE were very strongly correlated (r = .90) at matched times. Conclusions: Although producing different absolute numbers, sRPE derived from either the BORG-CR10 or BORG-RPE provides essentially interchangeable estimates of perceived exercise training intensity.

**Austin Baraki** · 01-07-2019, 06:26 PM

Post-seminar Belated Weekend Reading

1. Surgery Vs Conservative Management of Femoral Acetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS): Reflections on the 2018 “FASHION” Trial

Surgery Vs Conservative Management of Femoral Acetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS) — Inner Focus

https://www.innerfocusphysio.com.au/blog/2019/1/1/surgery-vs-conservative-management-of-femoral-acetabular-impingement-syndrome-fais-reflections-on-the-2018-fashion-trial

Learn more about hip arthroscopy options before making a decision on whether to undergo surgery. Read more here.

2. Effect of exercise training on liver function in adults who are overweight or exhibit fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Page not available - PMC

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6029644/

3. Special e-edition of BJSM: Pain management

Special e-edition of BJSM: Pain management - BJSM blog - social media's leading SEM voice

https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2018/10/19/special-e-edition-of-bjsm-pain-management/

Welcome to this extra e-journal edition of the British Journal of Sports Medicine. BJSM readers, listeners and other social media followers have a keen interest in pain. It’s a big problem! So, here is an online only version of BJSM and external content just for you! This is all content that has been published before – [...]Read More...

4. Association of Pharmacological Treatments With Long-term Pain Control in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2719308?guestAccessKey=52ad5c1a-6bcd-4f30-8714-fa0e138e011a

**Austin Baraki** · 01-12-2019, 08:54 PM

Jan 2019

1. BJSM Exercise in Pregnancy issue

British Journal of Sports Medicine: 53 (2)

https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/53/2?current-issue=y

2. Debunking in a world of tribes

Debunking in a world of tribes

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0181821&fbclid=IwAR0_rLzL7i63uAQ6GmVqymAB6YJmJ48A3DLhZ5w-gh21uEkWi1dd9o4xD0s

Social media aggregate people around common interests eliciting collective framing of narratives and worldviews. However, in such a disintermediated environment misinformation is pervasive and attempts to debunk are often undertaken to contrast this trend. In this work, we examine the effectiveness of debunking on Facebook through a quantitative analysis of 54 million users over a time span of five years (Jan 2010, Dec 2014). In particular, we compare how users usually consuming proven (scientific) and unsubstantiated (conspiracy-like) information on Facebook US interact with specific debunking posts. Our findings confirm the existence of echo chambers where users interact primarily with either conspiracy-like or scientific pages. However, both groups interact similarly with the information within their echo chamber. Then, we measure how users from both echo chambers interacted with 50,220 debunking posts accounting for both users consumption patterns and the sentiment expressed in their comments. Sentiment analysis reveals a dominant negativity in the comments to debunking posts. Furthermore, such posts remain mainly confined to the scientific echo chamber. Only few conspiracy users engage with corrections and their liking and commenting rates on conspiracy posts increases after the interaction.

3. Mind and Muscles – How to age well

Mind and Muscles – How to age well

https://cosmosmagazine.com/biology/mind-and-muscles-how-to-age-well

When it comes to exercise, it’s never too late, and it can change the dynamics of getting older. Paul Biegler reports.

4. The History of Blood

The History of Blood

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/01/14/the-history-of-blood

For centuries, curiosity about the mystical and biological functions of blood has fuelled both dangerous misunderstandings and revolutionary discoveries.

5. Operative treatment versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures: systematic review and meta-analysis

Operative treatment versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures: systematic review and meta-analysis

https://www.bmj.com/content/364/bmj.k5120

Objectives To compare re-rupture rate, complication rate, and functional outcome after operative versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures; to compare re-rupture rate after early and late full weight bearing; to evaluate re-rupture rate after functional rehabilitation with early range of motion; and to compare effect estimates from randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed/Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were last searched on 25 April 2018 for studies comparing operative versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures. Study selection criteria Randomised controlled trials and observational studies reporting on comparison of operative versus nonoperative treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Data extraction Data extraction was performed independently in pairs, by four reviewers, with the use of a predefined data extraction file. Outcomes were pooled using random effects models and presented as risk difference, risk ratio, or mean difference, with 95% confidence interval. Results 29 studies were included—10 randomised controlled trials and 19 observational studies. The 10 trials included 944 (6%) patients, and the 19 observational studies included 14 918 (94%) patients. A significant reduction in re-ruptures was seen after operative treatment (2.3%) compared with nonoperative treatment (3.9%) (risk difference 1.6%; risk ratio 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.60; P<0.001; I2=22%). Operative treatment resulted in a significantly higher complication rate than nonoperative treatment (4.9% v 1.6%; risk difference 3.3%; risk ratio 2.76, 1.84 to 4.13; P<0.001; I2=45%). The main difference in complication rate was attributable to the incidence of infection (2.8%) in the operative group. A similar reduction in re-rupture rate in favour of operative treatment was seen after both early and late full weight bearing. No significant difference in re-rupture rate was seen between operative and nonoperative treatment in studies that used accelerated functional rehabilitation with early range of motion (risk ratio 0.60, 0.26 to 1.37; P=0.23; I2=0%). No difference in effect estimates was seen between randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Conclusions This meta-analysis shows that operative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures reduces the risk of re-rupture compared with nonoperative treatment. However, re-rupture rates are low and differences between treatment groups are small (risk difference 1.6%). Operative treatment results in a higher risk of other complications (risk difference 3.3%). The final decision on the management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures should be based on patient specific factors and shared decision making. This review emphasises the potential benefits of adding high quality observational studies in meta-analyses for the evaluation of objective outcome measures after surgical treatment.

**Austin Baraki** · 01-19-2019, 06:53 PM

1. Functional medicine: Reams of useless tests in one hand, a huge invoice in the other

Functional medicine: Reams of useless tests in one hand, a huge invoice in the other | Science-Based Medicine

https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/functional-medicine-reams-of-useless-tests-in-one-hand-a-huge-invoice-in-the-other/

"Functional medicine" preaches the "biochemical individuality" of each patient, which is why one of its key features is that its practitioners order reams of useless lab tests and then try to correct

2. Subacromial decompression surgery for adults with shoulder pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Subacromial decompression surgery for adults with shoulder pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis

https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2019/01/15/bjsports-2018-100486

Objective To determine the benefits and harms of subacromial decompression surgery in adult patients with subacromial pain syndrome lasting for more than 3 months. Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Main outcome measures Pain, physical function and health-related quality of life. Data sources Systematic searches for benefits and harms were conducted to 23 July 2018 in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Health Technology Assessment. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised controlled trials comparing subacromial decompression surgery for subacromial pain syndrome with any other treatment(s). For harms, we included prospective cohort studies. Review methods Two reviewers independently determined eligibility, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of eligible studies. Thirty patients seeking primary or outpatient care for subacromial pain syndrome and a parallel guideline committee ( BMJ Rapid Recommendations) provided input regarding systematic review design and interpretation. Results There was high certainty evidence of no additional benefit of subacromial decompression surgery over placebo surgery in reducing pain at 1 year following surgery (mean difference [MD] −0.26, 95% CI −0.84 to 0.33, minimally important difference [MID] 1.5) or improving physical function at 1–2 years (MD 2.8, 95% CI −1.4 to 6.9, MID 8.3). There was moderate certainty evidence for no additional benefit of subacromial decompression surgery on health-related quality of life at 1 year (MD −0.03 points, 95% CI −0.11 to 0.06, MID 0.07). There was moderate certainty evidence for six serious harms per 1000 (95% CI 5 to 7) patients undergoing subacromial decompression. Conclusion Subacromial decompression surgery provided no important benefit compared with placebo surgery or exercise therapy, and probably carries a small risk of serious harms. Systematic reviewregistration number CRD42018086862.

3. The Hazards of Growing Up Painlessly

The Hazards of Growing Up Painlessly (Published 2012)

https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/18/magazine/ashlyn-blocker-feels-no-pain.html

Ashlyn Blocker has a rare genetic condition that prevents her from feeling pain. But that doesn’t mean she can’t get hurt.

4. The Family That Built an Empire of Pain

The Family That Built an Empire of Pain

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/30/the-family-that-built-an-empire-of-pain

The Sackler dynasty’s ruthless marketing of painkillers has generated billions of dollars—and millions of addicts.

**Austin Baraki** · 01-27-2019, 07:09 PM

1. "The Rise of Pseudomedicine for Dementia and Brain Health"
sci-hub.tw/10.1001/jama.2018.21560

2. "Effect of cannabis use in people with chronic non-cancer pain prescribed opioids: findings from a 4-year prospective cohort study”

Effect of cannabis use in people with chronic non-cancer pain prescribed opioids: findings from a 4-year prospective cohort study

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(18)30110-5/fulltext

Cannabis use was common in people with chronic non-cancer pain who had been prescribed opioids, but we found no evidence that cannabis use improved patient outcomes. People who used cannabis had greater pain and lower self-efficacy in managing pain, and there was no evidence that cannabis use reduced pain severity or interference or exerted an opioid-sparing effect. As cannabis use for medicinal purposes increases globally, it is important that large well designed clinical trials, which include people with complex comorbidities, are conducted to determine the efficacy of cannabis for chronic non-cancer pain.

3. "Investigating dose–response effects of multimodal exercise programs on health-related quality of life in older adults"

Investigating dose–response effects of multimodal exercise progr | CIA

https://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article_id=43772

Investigating dose–response effects of multimodal exercise programs on health-related quality of life in older adults

4. "Curbing Unnecessary and Wasted Diagnostic Imaging"
sci-hub.tw/10.1001/jama.2018.20295

5. "Objective versus Self-Reported Energy Intake Changes
During Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets"
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.22389?author_access_token=9vjrhJkQjOtQgcMKwN7w Jk4keas67K9QMdWULTWMo8P2DQ_drSy-xZzYPL-kwCtIzmJ6J0t8Q2ZkIKBdMC62cTlsTesWhNxZb-PXAyyHBAwbZ4jyeoHKJJT1wJZYCD9A"

**Austin Baraki** · 02-09-2019, 08:46 PM

A particularly good list of reads for this weekend:

1. "The Wedge that Divides: Movement Optimism versus the Kinesiopathological Model"
http://www.greglehman.ca/…/the-wedge-that-divides-what-crea…

2. “Psychological Placebos"
https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/psychological-placebos/

3. "Heat Slows You Down. Even When It's Not Real."
https://www.outsideonline.com/…/fake-heat-study-exercise-ph…

4. "Monitoring the athlete training response: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures: a systematic review"
https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/50/5/281

5. "PAINFUL EXERCISE IN REHAB – YES, NO OR A LOT TO THINK ABOUT?”
https://cor-kinetic.com/painful-exercise-in-rehab/

**Austin Baraki** · 03-15-2019, 04:40 PM

1. You Are Not So Smart Podcast: Bad Advice
https://youarenotsosmart.com/…/yanss-149-expert-advice-on-…/

2. “The Case for Being a Medical Conservative"
https://www.amjmed.com/arti…/S0002-9343(19)30167-6/fulltext…

3. Iron Culture Podcast: Periodization & Autoregulation Roundtable
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIVw1OxvZUA

4. "What does best practice care for musculoskeletal pain look like?”
http://sci-hub.tw/…/c…/early/2019/03/02/bjsports-2018-099878

5. BJSM Special e-edition: Pain Management
https://bjsm.bmj.com/pag…/special-e-edition-pain-management/

**Jordan Feigenbaum** · 04-13-2019, 06:48 PM

1) Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Resistance Training and Peripheral Artery Disease : https://bjsm.bmj.com/…/early/2019/04/11/bjsports-2018-100205

2) Stress Response and Psychobiology of Resilience : https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/29594808

3) Muscle Mass Index and Longevity : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4035379/

4) Placebo Possession
: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-017-9601-0

5) Making the Modern Athlete w/ David Epstein (author of The Sports Gene) and Malcolm Gladwell (author of Outliers, Blink, Tipping Point, etc.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RqIa09AvDU

6) Op-ed- Science's Role in Gender Policies : https://www.thelancet.com/…/PIIS0140-6736(19)30473…/fulltext

**Austin Baraki** · 04-20-2019, 02:16 PM

Weekend Reading / Viewing

1. Why Do Doctors Overtreat? For Many, It's What They're Trained To Do

Why Do Doctors Overtreat? For Many, It's What They're Trained To Do

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/04/19/715113208/why-do-doctors-overtreat-for-many-its-what-they-re-trained-to-do

Ordering more tests or treatments is not always best for patients' health or wallet. A group of medical educators is trying to address the problem where they think it starts: medical training.

2. “Behind The Curve” Netflix Documentary

https://www.netflix.com/title/81015076

3. Association between change in self-efficacy and reduction in disability among patients with chronic pain

Association between change in self-efficacy and reduction in disability among patients with chronic pain

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0215404

Purpose This study aimed to investigate whether changes in psychosocial factors and pain severity were associated with reduction in disability due to pain among patients with chronic pain. We hypothesized that increased self-efficacy would reduce disability. Patients and methods This longitudinal observational study included 72 patients. Patients’ psychological and physical variables were assessed before and after 3 months of treatment. Demographic and clinical information were collected, including the Pain Disability Assessment Scale (PDAS), the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), the Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale, and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to assess pain intensity. First, univariate regression analyses were conducted to clarify associations between change in PDAS and sex, age, pain duration, changes in psychosocial factors (self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression) and change in pain intensity. Second, multivariate regression was conducted using the variables identified in the univariate analyses (PSEQ and NRS) to detect the most relevant factor for reducing disability. Results Univariate regression analyses clarified that changes in PSEQ (β = −0.31; 95% CI: −0.54–−0.08, p = 0.008) and NRS (β = 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.47, p = 0.04) were associated with reduction in PDAS. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that change in PSEQ (β = 0.26; 95% CI: −0.50–−0.02; p = 0.01) was associated with a reduction in disability, independent of change in NRS. Conclusion These findings suggest improved self-efficacy is associated with reduced disability in patients with chronic pain, independent of reduction in pain intensity. Focusing on improvement in self-efficacy may be an effective strategy in chronic pain treatment in addition to pain relief.

4. Peak Age and Performance Progression in World-Class Weightlifting and Powerlifting Athletes

Peak Age and Performance Progression in World-Class Weightlifting and Powerlifting Athletes

https://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/abs/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0093

Purpose: To quantify age of peak performance and performance improvements in the years preceding peak age in elite weightlifting and powerlifting athletes using results from powerlifting World Championships in 2003–2017 and weightlifting World Championships and Olympic Games in 1998–2017. Methods: Individual performance trends were derived by fitting a quadratic curve separately to each athlete’s performance and age data. Effects were evaluated using magnitude-based inferences. Results: Peak age (mean [SD]) was 35 (7) y for powerlifters and 26 (3) y for weightlifters, a large most likely substantial difference of 9, ±1 y (mean, 90% confidence limit). Men showed possibly higher peak age than women in weightlifting (0.8, ±0.7 y; small) and a possibly lower peak age in powerlifting (1.3, ±1.8 y; trivial). Peak age of athletes who ever won a medal was very likely less than that of nonmedalists in weightlifting (1.3, ±0.6 y; small), while the difference in powerlifters was trivial but unclear. Five-year improvements prior to peak age were 12% (10%) for powerlifters and 9% (7%) for weightlifters, a small possibly substantial difference (2.9, ±2.1%). Women exhibited possibly greater improvements than men in powerlifting (2.7, ±3.8%; small) and very likely greater in weightlifting (3.5, ±1.6%; small). Medalists possibly improved less than nonmedalists among powerlifters (−1.7, ±2.3%; small), while the difference was likely trivial for weightlifters (2.3, ±1.8%). Conclusion: These novel insights on performance development will be useful for practitioners evaluating strategies for achieving success.

5. Training for Strength and Hypertrophy: An Evidence-based Approach

ScienceDirect

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468867319300513

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