Elderly Mother 79 Years old COPD weight loss

Hi Docs. Just looking for some guidance to point us in the right direction. I understand your limitations on medical advice. She would be very unlikely to agree to a consultation, but I can try encouraging it if you think it would be especially helpful.

This past weekend Mum complained of loss of appetite and unintended weight loss. She is a little unclear on the exact timeline, but she has dropped from 50kg to 48k over the past 2-4 weeks. She would have been around 75kg 3 years ago. She welcome the weight loss at first, but it has clearly gone too far (BMI 28 to 18)

I understand this is all extremely concerning.

She says she knows she needs to eat more, but that she doesnā€™t enjoy some of the foods she used to. I asked for a typical day. Breakfast was a banana. No lunch. Meat and veg for dinner. Some kind of dessert every 2nd day or so.

My first impulse was to try to work with her and help her find some foods she likes, or can at least eat, especially with more protein, but I suspect that is too simplistic and optimistic. It echoes the ā€œjust eat lessā€ treatment of obesity with an equally wishful ā€œjust eat moreā€ treatment of the opposite. If that had a good chance of working, it already would have.

She claims she recently saw her doctor (unrelated to this) and her doctor was uninterested in the weight loss. I know she has had some justifiably negative experiences with some doctors in the past, but Iā€™m not confident her account of this was entirely reliable.

Where should we go from here? Iā€™m thinking she needs to properly consult with a doctor specifically for this asap. Iā€™m guessing that some kind of appetite stimulant might help, but wouldnā€™t dream of suggesting anything given possible interactions with the long list of medications she is already on, or the impact side effects might have on her other conditions.

History:

Her first MI 1999 at 54 years old.

Smoked 40/day from age 14 to 54. Cut down to 6/day after MI. Never fully quit. Maybe around 6-9/day now.

COPD. Fairly constant productive cough.

1-3 episodes of diverticulitis/year

In the last few years she has had stent repair of coronary artery, and for abdominal aortic aneurysm that was found ~12 years ago

She tripped and fell 10/2023, landed on shoulder.

Aside from gardening and walking her dog, sheā€™s never had an interest in exercise and I donā€™t push it. She is less able to garden now (still does some) and no longer has a dog. However, she will often ask how to get stronger. Thanks to BBM I have usually framed it in terms of what activity would she like to be able to do now that she used to do, but no longer can (or would like to do more easily). This has helped. She started regular hands free sit-to stand exercises since her fall. Initially twice daily, then every second, then 3x week. Made an obvious difference in walking more confidently and with greater stability, especially on stairs.

Hi there,

Sorry to hear about this challenging situation ā€“ although it sounds like youā€™ve done a great job at least getting her a bit more active. Training those sit-to-stands can be life-changing for folks in this kind of situation, as you are observing.

Regarding the weight loss, I would first interpret it as a symptom to be evaluated, rather than as a ā€˜diagnosisā€™ to be treated. In other words, consider what kinds of underlying causes might be driving this.

As Iā€™m sure you know, weight loss implies that calorie intake is below calorie expenditure. This means that the possible causes of weight loss can be broken down into causes of decreased energy intake:

-Cognitive (depression, dementia, appetite-suppressing conditions/drugs)
-Mechanical (dental issues, chewing difficulty, swallowing difficulty due to issues in the throat or esophagus)
-Maldigestion/Malabsorption, or other pathology of the GI tract including the mesenteric blood vessels that supply it

or cause of increased energy expenditure:
-Lots of inflammatory diseases, including COPD and cancer
-Endocrine diseases like hyperthyroidism
-excessive exercise

With many cases involving a combination of both, as inflammatory conditions can increase energy expenditure while also suppressing appetite.

So yes, I agree she should be evaluated by a physician, likely undergo some basic laboratory evaluations, depression and cancer screening ā€“ if this is within her overall goals of care, i.e., would she even want to undergo cancer treatment if diagnosed. Sometimes patients are at a stage of life where they would not want this at all, in which case it is appropriate to ā€œpivotā€ and focus on just treating the symptoms, e.g. with attempts at appetite stimulants such as mirtazepine or megestrol, even though these medicines are not terribly effective in most situations and do have the potential for some side effects.

2 Likes

Thanks Dr Baraki for your detailed reply. This will definitely help us move forward. Thanks again for everything you do. BBM is doing lifechanging work.